Bluetooth Mesh

Bluetooth mesh enables Bluetooth devices to communicate with each other over a mesh network. This topic describes the API methods and examples of Bluetooth mesh capabilities provided by Smart Residence App SDK for iOS.

Concepts

The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) provides Bluetooth mesh technologies to enable mesh networking. Bluetooth mesh is also known as Bluetooth SIG mesh. This mesh networking standard allows for many-to-many communication over Bluetooth radio. The standard must be followed to implement Bluetooth mesh networking and device updates.

Terms

Term	Description
Product category and type	Each Bluetooth mesh device corresponds to a product that belongs to a product category and a product type. The SDK provides pcc to specify a product category and type to specify a product type.
Mesh group localId	The 2-byte localId field provides a unique identifier to distinguish each mesh group on a mesh network. To control devices in a group, commands can be sent to the mesh network with the specified localId field value.
Mesh nodeId	The 2-byte node ID provides a unique identifier to distinguish each mesh device on a mesh network. To control a device on the network, commands can be sent to the mesh network with the specified nodeId field value.
Local connections	Paired devices are controlled with commands on a mesh network through Bluetooth connections.
Gateway connections	Paired devices are controlled with commands on a mesh network through gateway connections. The gateway must be deployed close to the devices.

Synchronous operations

When devices are added, deleted, or managed in a group, these operations are implemented with local Bluetooth commands and synchronously recorded in the cloud. Therefore, device information is synchronized to the local mesh network and the cloud at the same time.

Device classification rules (categories and types)

• A device is classified with a combination of device type, product category, and product type. The class name is then stored in the little-endian format.

  • Device type
    • Standard type: 1
    • Raw: 2
  • Bluetooth mesh products are classified into the following product categories:
    • Lighting (01): smart lights ranging from cool white lights (C) to white and colored lights (RGBCW)
    • Electrical (02): one to six-outlet sockets
    • Remote control (05): one to six-button remote controls
  • Product types of a category:
    • Smart lights ranging from cool white lights (C) to white and colored lights (RGBCW) (01–05)
    • One to six-outlet power strips (01–06)
    • One to six-button remote controls (01–06)

• Example:

  Product	Class value	Description
  Standard white and colored light (RGBCW)	1510	1015 in the little-endian format: 1: standard device 01: light 5: white and colored light (RGBCW)
  Standard 4-outlet power strip	2410	1024 in the little-endian format: 1: standard device 02: socket 4: 4-outlet power strip
  Raw type of device	xx20	20xx in the little-endian format: 2 represents a raw type of device.

Management

Bluetooth mesh operation classes are included in the file TuyaSmartBleMesh+SIGMesh.h.

Create a Tuya mesh network

A site can belong to multiple Bluetooth mesh networks, but one Bluetooth mesh network is recommended for each site. Before the request, check whether a Bluetooth mesh network is created. If not, you can call this API method to create one.

API description

+ (void)createSIGMeshWithHomeId:(long long)homeId
                        success:(void(^)(TuyaSmartBleMeshModel *meshModel))success
                        failure:(TYFailureError)failure;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
homeId	The site ID.
success	The success callback.
failure	The failure callback.

Example

ObjC:

TuyaSmartHome *home = #<The initialized home instance>;
long long homeId = home.homeModel.homeId;
[TuyaSmartBleMesh createSIGMeshWithHomeId:homeId success:^(TuyaSmartBleMeshModel *meshModel) {
    // success do...
} failure:^(NSError *error) {
    NSLog(@"create mesh error: %@", error);
}];

Delete a Bluetooth mesh network

API description

Deletes a Bluetooth mesh network. If sub-devices are included in the mesh group, they are also removed.

- (void)removeMeshWithSuccess:(TYSuccessHandler)success failure:(TYFailureError)failure;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
success	The success callback.
failure	The failure callback.

Example

self.mesh = #<TuyaSmartBleMesh instance>;
[self.mesh removeMeshWithSuccess:^{
    // success do...
} failure:^(NSError *error) {
    XCTFail(@"test remove mesh failure: %@", error);
}];

Query a list of mesh networks on a site

API description

Returns a list of mesh networks for an initialized home instance.``

- (void)getSIGMeshListWithSuccess:(void(^)(NSArray <TuyaSmartBleMeshModel *> *list))success
                          failure:(TYFailureError)failure;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
success	The success callback.
failure	The failure callback.

Example

TuyaSmartHome *home = #<home instance>
[home getSIGMeshListWithSuccess:^(NSArray<TuyaSmartBleMeshModel *> *list) {
    // success do
} failure:^(NSError *error) {
    NSLog(@"get Bluetooth mesh list error: %@", error);
}];

Query a Bluetooth mesh instance

API description

+ (instancetype)bleMeshWithMeshId:(NSString *)meshId homeId:(long long)homeId;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
meshId	The mesh ID.
homeId	The site ID.

Example

// Returns the mesh instance `sigMeshModel` for the `home` instance of the `TuyaSmartHome` class.
TuyaSmartBleMeshModel *sigMeshModel = [self getCurrentHome].sigMeshModel;

Connect to a Bluetooth mesh sub-device

Connects to a Bluetooth mesh sub-device with ScanForProxyed. For more information, see Pairing.

- (void)startScanWithScanType:(TuyaSmartSIGScanType)scanType
          meshModel:(TuyaSmartBleMeshModel *)meshModel;

Pairing

A Bluetooth device in the reset and disconnected state can be paired to join a Bluetooth mesh network. The following list describes common device resetting methods.

Product category	Reset method	State pending pairing
Lighting	Turns on and off the light consecutively three times in a row	The indicator is flickering quickly.
Socket	Long press the switch for three seconds	The indicator is flickering quickly.

Bluetooth mesh operation classes are included in the file TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager. It is a singleton class.

Scan for sub-devices pending pairing

API description

Starts scanning for a Bluetooth mesh device pending pairing. When the device is discovered, it can be paired. In a pairing process, the Bluetooth mesh device joins the target mesh network based on certain communication technologies.

- (void)startScanWithScanType:(TuyaSmartSIGScanType)scanType
          meshModel:(TuyaSmartBleMeshModel *)meshModel;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
scanType	The type of scanning. Devices that are paired or not paired can be discovered. If paired devices are discovered, they automatically join the target mesh network.
meshModel	The information about the mesh model.

Example

[TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager sharedInstance].delegate = self;
// ScanForUnprovision, // Scans for devices that are not paired.
// ScanForProxyed, // Scans for paired devices.
[[TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager sharedInstance] startScanWithScanType:ScanForUnprovision
                            meshModel:home.sigMeshModel];

Callback

After a device is discovered, the following method can be implemented in the callback TuyaSmartSIGMeshManagerDelegate to query the discovered device.

// A device pending pairing is discovered.
- (void)sigMeshManager:(TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager *)manager
       didScanedDevice:(TuyaSmartSIGMeshDiscoverDeviceInfo *)device;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
manager	The information about the mesh manager.
device	The information about the device pending pairing.

Activate sub-devices

Pairs standard Bluetooth mesh devices.

API description

- (void)startActive:(NSArray<TuyaSmartSIGMeshDiscoverDeviceInfo *> *)devList
        meshModel:(TuyaSmartBleMeshModel *)meshModel;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
devList	The list of devices to be activated.
meshModel	The information about the mesh model.

Callback of an activated sub-device

API description

After a device is activated or failed to be activated, the following method can be implemented in the callback TuyaSmartSIGMeshManagerDelegate.

The sub-device is activated:

- (void)sigMeshManager:(TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager *)manager
    didActiveSubDevice:(TuyaSmartSIGMeshDiscoverDeviceInfo *)device
                 devId:(NSString *)devId
                 error:(NSError *)error;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
manager	The information about the mesh manager.
device	The information about the device.
devId	The device ID.
error	The error message that might be returned during activation. If it is returned, name and deviceId are empty.

API description

The sub-device failed to be activated:

- (void)sigMeshManager:(TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager *)manager
 didFailToActiveDevice:(TuyaSmartSIGMeshDiscoverDeviceInfo *)device
                 error:(NSError *)error;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
manager	The information about the mesh manager.
device	The information about the device.
error	The error message that might be returned during activation.

Stop activating a sub-device

Stops pairing a Bluetooth device during either the device scanning or pairing stage.

API description

- (void)stopActiveDevice;

Identify mesh connections

Checks whether Bluetooth devices are connected to a mesh network. This result determines the way to send control and operation commands.

// The mesh connection tag. If a Bluetooth device is connected to the mesh network, this value is `yes`.
BOOL isLogin = [TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager sharedInstance].isLogin;

Pair a mesh gateway

• Pairs a Bluetooth mesh gateway in Wi-Fi Easy Connect (EZ) mode. For more information, see Wi-Fi EZ Mode.
• Pairs a Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) and Wi-Fi combo gateway. For more information, see Pair a combo device.

Pair a sub-device with a mesh gateway

Pairs a sub-device with a Bluetooth mesh gateway. For more information, see Pair sub-devices.

Pairing error codes

Error codes	Description
701	An error has occurred while connecting to the device over Bluetooth.
702	An error has occurred while processing the composition response.
703	A composition timeout error has occurred.
704	Failed to add appkey.
705	A timeout error has occurred while adding appkey.
706	An error has occurred while processing the network transmission response.
707	A network transmission timeout error has occurred.
708	An error has occurred while processing the publication model response.
709	A publication model timeout error has occurred.
710	An error has occurred while processing the response of adding bind.
711	A timeout error has occurred while adding bind.
712	An IdentifySet timeout error has occurred.

Devices

The device class is TuyaSmartDevice. In this class, the deviceType field of TuyaSmartDeviceModel indicates a device type. The value of deviceType for mesh devices is TuyaSmartDeviceModelTypeSIGMeshSubDev.

Query a device instance

API description

+ (instancetype)deviceWithDeviceId:(NSString *)devId;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
devId	The device ID.

Connect a mesh device over Bluetooth

Connects to a mesh device over Bluetooth from a mobile phone on which Bluetooth is enabled. Commands are sent to the device over Bluetooth. You can use deviceModel.isOnline && deviceModel.isMeshBleOnline to check the device connection status.

Connect a mesh device through a Bluetooth mesh gateway

Connects to a mesh device through a Bluetooth mesh gateway from a mobile phone on which Bluetooth is disabled or that is far away from the device. Commands are sent to the device over Wi-Fi. You can use deviceModel.isOnline && !deviceModel.isMeshBleOnline to check the device connection status.

Query Bluetooth mesh sub-device status

API description

- (void)getDeviceStatusWithDeviceModel:(TuyaSmartDeviceModel *)deviceModel;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
deviceModel	The device model.

Remove a Bluetooth mesh sub-device

The device removal method is simplified and applies to all devices. For more information, see Remove devices.

Groups

Certain devices on a Bluetooth mesh network can be grouped, so they can be controlled with group control commands. For example, all lights are added to a group. Users can control the switch status and colors of the group and thus control all lights in the group with the same properties.

The devices of the same category are recommended to be added to the same Bluetooth mesh device group. Before devices are added to the group, the group address must be returned from the server end. The following methods of TuyaSmartBleMeshGroup are available.

Generate a group ID in the cloud

API description

+ (void)getBleMeshGroupAddressFromCluondWithMeshId:(NSString *)meshId
                    success:(TYSuccessInt)success
                    failure:(TYFailureError)failure;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
meshId	The mesh ID.
success	The success callback with the decimal value of localId returned.
failure	The failure callback.

Create a mesh group

API description

+ (void)createMeshGroupWithGroupName:(NSString *)groupName
                              meshId:(NSString *)meshId
                             localId:(NSString *)localId
                                 pcc:(NSString *)pcc
                             success:(TYSuccessInt)success
                             failure:(TYFailureError)failure;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
groupName	The name of the mesh group.
meshId	The mesh ID.
localId	The local short address of the group. It is a 2-byte hexadecimal string.
pcc	The category and type of the group device.
success	The success callback with a group ID returned.
failure	The failure callback.

Add a device to a mesh group over Bluetooth

API description

Adds a device to a group. The following method of TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager is used.

- (void)addDeviceToGroupWithDevId:(NSString *)devId
                     groupAddress:(uint32_t)groupAddress;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
devId	The device ID.
groupAddress	The address of the group.

Callback

// The callback of `TuyaSmartSIGMeshManagerDelegate`.
- (void)sigMeshManager:(TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager *)manager
didHandleGroupWithGroupAddress:(nonnull NSString *)groupAddress
          deviceNodeId:(nonnull NSString *)nodeId
             error:(NSError *)error;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
manager	The information about the manager.
groupAddress	The hexadecimal mesh address of the group.
nodeId	The hexadecimal mesh node address of the device.
error	The failure callback.

Add a device to a mesh group through a gateway

API description

Adds a sub-device to a mesh group through a gateway by using TuyaSmartBleMeshGroup. In this case, the sub-device must belong to the Bluetooth mesh gateway.

- (void)addSubDeviceWithSubList:(NSArray<TuyaSmartDeviceModel *> * _Nonnull )subList success:(nullable TYSuccessHandler)success failure:(nullable TYFailureError)failure;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
subList	The sub-device of the gateway to be managed.
success	The success callback.
failure	The failure callback.

Callback of TuyaSmartBleMeshGroupDelegate

@protocol TuyaSmartBleMeshGroupDelegate <NSObject>

/// The response of adding a Bluetooth sub-device to a mesh group through a gateway.
///Either of the following error messages might be returned:<ul><li>`1`: The maximum number of scenes allowed is exceeded.</li><li>`2`: The sub-device timeout error has occurred.</li><li>`3`: The specified parameter value is out of the valid range.</li><li>`4`: An error has occurred while writing to files.</li><li>`5`: Other errors have occurred while processing your request.</li></ul>
/// Group Response of Zigbee Devices Joining Gateway
/// 1: Over the Scenario Limit 2: Subdevice Timeout 3: Setting Value Out of Range 4: Write File Error 5: Other Errors
- (void)meshGroup:(TuyaSmartBleMeshGroup *)group addResponseCode:(NSArray <NSNumber *> *)responseCode;

@end

Remove a device from a mesh group over Bluetooth

API description

- (void)deleteDeviceToGroupWithDevId:(NSString *)devId groupAddress:(uint32_t)groupAddress;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
devId	The device ID.
groupAddress	The address of the group.

Callback of TuyaSmartSIGMeshManagerDelegate

- (void)sigMeshManager:(TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager *)manager
didHandleGroupWithGroupAddress:(nonnull NSString *)groupAddress
          deviceNodeId:(nonnull NSString *)nodeId
             error:(NSError *)error;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
manager	The information about the manager.
groupAddress	The hexadecimal mesh address of the group.
nodeId	The hexadecimal mesh node address of the device.
error	The failure callback.

Remove a device from a mesh group through a gateway

API description

Removes a sub-device from a mesh group through a gateway by using TuyaSmartBleMeshGroup. In this case, the sub-device must belong to the Bluetooth mesh gateway.

- (void)removeSubDeviceWithSubList:(NSArray<TuyaSmartDeviceModel *> * _Nonnull )subList success:(nullable TYSuccessHandler)success failure:(nullable TYFailureError)failure;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
subList	The sub-device of the gateway to be managed.
success	The success callback.
failure	The failure callback.

Callback of TuyaSmartBleMeshGroupDelegate

// The callback of `TuyaSmartBleMeshGroupDelegate`.
@protocol TuyaSmartBleMeshGroupDelegate <NSObject>

/// The response of removing a Bluetooth sub-device from a mesh group through a gateway.
///Either of the following error messages might be returned:<ul><li>`1`: The maximum number of scenes allowed is exceeded.</li><li>`2`: The sub-device timeout error has occurred.</li><li>`3`: The specified parameter value is out of the valid range.</li><li>`4`: An error has occurred while writing to files.</li><li>`5`: Other errors have occurred while processing your request.</li></ul>
/// Group Response of Zigbee Devices removing Gateway
/// 1: Over the Scenario Limit 2: Subdevice Timeout 3: Setting Value Out of Range 4: Write File Error 5: Other Errors
- (void)meshGroup:(TuyaSmartBleMeshGroup *)group removeResponseCode:(NSArray <NSNumber *> *)responseCode;

@end

Synchronize the group operation result to the cloud

Class name	Description
TuyaSmartBleMeshGroup	The group class.

API description

Synchronizes group device changes to the cloud after a delegate method returns the result that a device is added or deleted. The group instance is used to synchronize the data.

// A device is added.
- (void)addDeviceWithDeviceId:(NSString *)deviceId success:(TYSuccessHandler)success failure:(TYFailureError)failure;

// A device is removed.
- (void)removeDeviceWithDeviceId:(NSString *)deviceId success:(TYSuccessHandler)success failure:(TYFailureError)failure;

Query group devices

API description

Returns devices in a group with a specified group address. The following method of TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager and the callback supported by the firmware are used to implement this feature.

- (void)queryGroupMemberWithGroupAddress:(uint32_t)groupAddress;

// The callback.
- (void)sigMeshManager:(TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager *)manager
      queryDeviceModel:(TuyaSmartDeviceModel *)deviceModel
          groupAddress:(uint32_t)groupAddress;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
groupAddress	The address of the group.

Control

Smart devices are managed with DPs. Bluetooth mesh devices are also controlled by device DPs.

Format of DPs

DPs are sent to control devices in the following format: {"(dpId)" : "(dpValue)"}. Example: @{@"101" : @"44"}. For more information about DPs, see Device Control

Send DPs to control a device

API description

  // TuyaSmartDevice
  - (void)publishDps:(NSDictionary *)dps
             success:(nullable TYSuccessHandler)success
             failure:(nullable TYFailureError)failure;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
dps	The DPs in the dictionary format.
success	The success callback.
failure	The failure callback.

Send DPs to control a group

API description

// TuyaSmartBleMeshGroup
- (void)publishDps:(NSDictionary *)dps success:(nullable TYSuccessHandler)success failure:(nullable TYFailureError)failure;

Parameters

Parameter	Description
dps	The DPs in the dictionary format.
success	The success callback.
failure	The failure callback.

Update

Get firmware update information

API description

//Returns update information by using the TuyaSmartDevice instance.
- (void)getFirmwareUpgradeInfo:(void (^)(NSArray <TuyaSmartFirmwareUpgradeModel *> *upgradeModelList))success failure:(TYFailureError)failure;

/*
The update information is returned in the response. You can check the `type` field to determine whether an update is required. Valid values:
     `0`: updating
     `1`: no update available
     `2`: forced update or update notification
     `3`: check for updates

// If an update is required, the firmware address is included in the response. The firmware can be downloaded and converted into firmware data for subsequent operations.
*/

Parameters

Parameter	Description
success	The success callback.
failure	The failure callback.

Check online status of a sub-device

Sub-devices are updated over Bluetooth, so their online status must be checked. Make sure they are locally connected before the update.

BOOL isBLEOnline = device.deviceModel.isMeshBleOnline;

Specify target sub-device

Specifies only one sub-device for each update.

[TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager sharedInstance].delegate = self;
[[TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager sharedInstance] prepareForOTAWithTargetNodeId:self.device.deviceModel.nodeId];

Callback of connected target device

// TuyaSmartSIGMeshManagerDelegate

- (void)notifySIGLoginSuccess {
    [TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager sharedInstance].delegate = nil;
    //weakify(self);
    [[TuyaSmartSIGMeshManager sharedInstance] startSendOTAPack:_otaData targetVersion:_upgradeModel.version success:^{
        //strongify(self);
      // The target version number.
        [self updateVersion];
    } failure:^{
        // log error
    }];
}

Updates device version number

- (void)updateVersion {
    [self.device updateDeviceVersion:_upgradeModel.version type:_upgradeModel.type success:^{
        // ota success
    } failure:^(NSError *error) {
        // log error
    }];
}

Update mesh gateway firmware

Updates a Bluetooth mesh gateway in a similar way that a common device is updated. For more information, see Firmware Update.