IoT Development Practice in Python on Tuya Cloud Development Platform

Go through the following steps to create and configure a cloud project.

• Create a project: The cloud project is a collection of resources on the Tuya IoT Platform, including devices, APIs, and data. Resources distributed to different projects are isolated from each other.
• Subscribe to and authorize the required cloud services: You can choose the cloud services provided by Tuya based on the scenarios to speed up your development.
• Build the asset and user systems: The project owner has administrator permissions on the resources under the asset and user systems, including devices, users, API permissions, and data assets. This way, enterprises can easily manage and control project resources.

Prerequisites

You have registered an account on the Tuya IoT Platform.

Procedure

A cloud project is a collection of resources on the Tuya IoT Platform. Resources distributed to different projects are isolated from each other. To get started, you need to create a cloud project first.

1. Log in to the Tuya IoT Platform.
   

2. In the left-side navigation bar, choose Cloud > Development.
   

3. On the My Cloud Projects page, click Create Cloud Project.

4. On the Create Cloud Project page, set the required parameters and click Create.

   • Project Name: the custom name of the project.

   • Description: the custom description of the project.

   • Development Method: In this example, select Custom from the drop-down list. For more information about the development method, see Development Method.

   • Industry: Select the industry type of your project, facilitating follow-up statistical analytics.

   • Availability Zone: Enter the server address of the region where you are located.

     

5. On the Authorize API Products page, besides the default selections, you need to subscribe to the API products such as Device Status Notification and Industry Project Client Service.
   

6. Create the original asset and original account. Then, the account will be granted access to the asset.

   Note: Note down the specified account and password. You will use them when you add a device using the IoT Device Management app or call the API operations to control the devices. You can also build your asset structure based on actual business scenarios. For more information, see Manage asset structure.

   

Next steps

After you create and configure a project, you can link devices with your project.

Add a smart device to your asset to allow device control through API calls.

Note: If you do not have a ‘Powered by Tuya’ device, we provide you with a virtual device service. For more information, see Add Virtual Device.

Prerequisites

• You have installed the IoT Device Management app.
• You have created a cloud project.

Procedure

1. On the Devices tab, place the pointer over Add Device, and select Add Device with IoT Device Management App.
   

2. Scan the project QR code with the IoT Device Management app to authorize the project.
   

3. Log in to the IoT Device Management app using the initial account configured when the project was created.
   

4. The Assets and Devices page appears by default. Tap the asset to be managed to go to the Assets tab.

5. Tap the Add icon in the top-right corner of the page.

6. In the bottom menu that appears, select Pair Smart Device.

   

   Note: This tutorial takes Pair Device as an example. To activate the edge gateway, see Activate Edge Gateway.

7. Add devices. Combined with the subsequent code, in this example, you need to add strip lights or a virtual device of the strip lights. A device can be added in two methods, Add Manually and Auto Scan. They are similar to those used to add devices on all-in-one apps. For more information, see Add a device.

   

Next steps

After adding a device, you can simulate your real business scenarios by using the device debugging feature, send commands to control the devices, and check the device availability to ensure stable operation. For more information, see Step 3: Debug Device.

Alternatively, you can choose the SDKs for your preferred programming languages to develop IoT services. For more information, see Step 4: Develop IoT Services.

You can simulate your real business scenarios by using the device debugging feature, send instructions to control the devices, and check the device availability to ensure stable operation.

Note: Currently, you can only debug the devices that belong to the assets system and devices linked with the Tuya app account. This topic describes how to debug devices that belong to the assets system.

Prerequisites

You have added a device to the cloud project.

Procedure

Step 1: Log in to debug page

1. Log in to the Cloud Development Platform.
2. Choose Cloud > Development > My Cloud Projects and select a project.
3. Click Assets in the top navigation bar.
4. Click the destination node of Asset Structure.
   
5. Click the Devices tab, find the device to be debugged, and then click Debug Device in the Operation column.
   

Step 2: Debug device

1. View basic information.
   On the Basic Information page, you can view the device ID, product category, and associated project and asset.
   

2. Send instructions to the device.
   On the right side of the Device Debugging page, check how to enter the Standard Instruction Set and Stanard Status Set.

   Note: Click Update Device Status to get the latest status of the device.

   1. Update functional parameters.
      • Modify the status of the data point on the default Visual Editing page.
      • Click JSON Editing at the top of the central pane of the Device Debugging page, and enter the status update instructions according to the standard instruction set.
   2. Click Send Instruction.
   3. After the instruction is sent, the page prompts Sent successfully.

   

3. Report device data to the cloud.
   You can simulate device data reporting and perform related tests such as message subscription and reception.

   Note: Currently, only virtual devices can send the data reporting instructions. If there is no change in the device status, the data cannot be reported.

   1. Click Data Reporting Simulation on the top of the page, and wait for the Communication Log to show MQTT connect success.

   2. Modify the parameters or switches of a data point.

   3. Click Report at the bottom, and the communication log shows that the data is reported successfully.

      

Step 3: View device logs

The system returns logs of all the data reporting and sending operations during device debugging. On the Device Logs page, you can query logs by DP ID, device event, and time.

Next steps

After the device is added and debugged, you can quickly develop IoT services on top of the IoT SDKs. For more information, see Step 4: Develop IoT Services.

This topic describes how to develop a program to control ‘Powered by Tuya’ devices based on the open capabilities and SDK of the Tuya Cloud Development Platform.

Prerequisites

• You have created a project.
• You have added a device.
• You have installed PyCharm.

Procedure

Step 1: Set up development environment

This step is based on the Tuya-connector-Python SDK. Tuya-connector helps you efficiently create cloud development projects regarding the OpenAPI or message subscription capabilities. You can put all the focus on business logic without taking care of server-side programming nor relational databases.

1. Get the SDK address at Tuya-connector-Python.

   

2. Go to Projects > Get from Version Control > URL, enter the SDK address, and then click Clone.

   

3. (Independent project development) Import Python dependency package.

   Note: The GitHub hosting platform contains the SDK source code. The API request used in this topic is the source code in the SDK project. If you develop an independent project, the PIP tool can be used to import the Python dependency package.

   Import code: pip3 install tuya-connector-python

Step 2: Edit profile

Configure environment variables in the py file.

• ACCESS_ID and ACCESS_KEY: Enter the values of Access ID and Access Key in the Authorization Key section on the Cloud Development Platform. For more information, see Query project information.

• API_ENDPOINT: the data center address of API requests. See the tuya-connector-python/tuya_connector/tuya_enums.py file.

• MQ_ENDPOINT: the request address of message subscription. See the tuya-connector-python/tuya_connector/tuya_enums.py file.

  Location	API_ENDPOINT	MQ_ENDPOINT
  China	https://openapi.tuyacn.com	wss://mqe.tuyacn.com:8285/
  America	https://openapi.tuyaus.com	wss://mqe.tuyaus.com:8285/
  Europe	https://openapi.tuyaeu.com	wss://mqe.tuyaeu.com:8285/
  India	https://openapi.tuyain.com	wss://mqe.tuyain.com:8285/

Example:

ACCESS_ID = "xtu7m*****48ufod"
ACCESS_KEY = "479bcba6d*******d9c4e080f7"
API_ENDPOINT = "https://openapi.tuyacn.com"
MQ_ENDPOINT = "wss://mqe.tuyacn.com:8285/"

Step 3: Control devices

After the project parameters are edited, you can start your coding journey. Device control is a must-have feature.
The following code block is the sample code for cloud project authorization key authentication and query device details, get device instruction set, send instruction set, and query device status for your reference.

Sample code of querying devices and issuing instructions: device_control.py

import logging
from tuya_connector import TuyaOpenAPI, TUYA_LOGGER

ACCESS_ID = "xtu7m*****48ufod"
ACCESS_KEY = "479bcba6d*******d9c4e080f7"
API_ENDPOINT = "https://openapi.tuyacn.com"



# Enable debug log
TUYA_LOGGER.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# Init OpenAPI and connect
openapi = TuyaOpenAPI(API_ENDPOINT, ACCESS_ID, ACCESS_KEY)
openapi.connect()

# Set up device_id
DEVICE_ID ="vdevo********74966"

# Call APIs from Tuya
# Get the device information
response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}".format(DEVICE_ID))

# Get the instruction set of the device
response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/functions".format(DEVICE_ID))

# Send commands
commands = {'commands': [{'code': 'switch_led', 'value': False}]}
openapi.post('/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/commands'.format(DEVICE_ID), commands)

# Get the status of a single device
response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/status".format(DEVICE_ID))

Sample response

/Users/even/Documents/SDK/Python/ttuya-connector-python1/venv/bin/python /Users/even/Documents/SDK/Python/ttuya-connector-python/example/device_control.py
[2021-08-24 16:27:21,832] [tuya-openapi] Request: method = GET,url = https://openapi.tuyacn.com/v1.0/token,params = {'grant_type': 1},body = None,t = 1629793641832
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,007] [tuya-openapi] Response: {
  "result": {
    "access_token": "***",
    "expire_time": 6147,
    "refresh_token": "***",
    "uid": "***"
  },
  "success": true,
  "t": 1629793642090
}
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,007] [tuya-openapi] Request: method = GET,url = https://openapi.tuyacn.com/v1.0/iot-03/devices/vdevo********74966,params = None,body = None,t = 1629793642007
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,183] [tuya-openapi] Response: {
  "result": {
    "active_time": 1629792940,
    "asset_id": "14178********2832",
    "category": "dj",
    "category_name": "Light Source",
    "create_time": 1629792940,
    "gateway_id": "",
    "icon": "smart/icon/bay161786******240908156830dd.png",
    "id": "vdevo********74966",
    "ip": "***",
    "lat": "***",
    "local_key": "***",
    "lon": "***",
    "model": "",
    "name": "Dimmable White Light (C)_SIG-vdevo",
    "online": true,
    "product_id": "ppg6apfp",
    "product_name": "Dimmable White Light (C)_OEM",
    "sub": false,
    "time_zone": "+08:00",
    "update_time": 1629793223,
    "uuid": "vdevo********74966"
  },
  "success": true,
  "t": 1629793642263
}
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,183] [tuya-openapi] Request: method = GET,url = https://openapi.tuyacn.com/v1.0/iot-03/devices/vdevo********74966/functions,params = None,body = None,t = 1629793642183
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,256] [tuya-openapi] Response: {
  "result": {
    "category": "dj",
    "functions": [
      {
        "code": "switch_led",
        "desc": "switch led",
        "name": "switch led",
        "type": "Boolean",
        "values": "{}"
      },
      {
        "code": "work_mode",
        "desc": "work mode",
        "name": "work mode",
        "type": "Enum",
        "values": "{\"range\":[\"white\",\"colour\",\"scene\",\"music\"]}"
      },
      {
        "code": "bright_value_v2",
        "desc": "bright value v2",
        "name": "bright value v2",
        "type": "Integer",
        "values": "{\"min\":10,\"max\":1000,\"scale\":0,\"step\":1}"
      },
      {
        "code": "scene_data_v2",
        "desc": "scene data v2",
        "name": "scene data v2",
        "type": "Json",
        "values": "{\"scene_num\":{\"min\":1,\"scale\":0,\"max\":8,\"step\":1},\"scene_units\": {\"unit_change_mode\":{\"range\":[\"static\",\"jump\",\"gradient\"]},\"unit_switch_duration\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"max\":100,\"step\":1},\"unit_gradient_duration\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"max\":100,\"step\":1},\"bright\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"max\":1000,\"step\":1},\"temperature\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"max\":1000,\"step\":1},\"h\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"unit\":\"\",\"max\":360,\"step\":1},\"s\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"unit\":\"\",\"max\":1000,\"step\":1},\"v\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"unit\":\"\",\"max\":1000,\"step\":1}}}"
      },
      {
        "code": "countdown_1",
        "desc": "countdown 1",
        "name": "countdown 1",
        "type": "Integer",
        "values": "{\"unit\":\"s\",\"min\":0,\"max\":86400,\"scale\":0,\"step\":1}"
      }
    ]
  },
  "success": true,
  "t": 1629793642338
}
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,256] [tuya-openapi] Request: method = POST,url = https://openapi.tuyacn.com/v1.0/iot-03/devices/vdevo********74966/commands,params = None,body = {'commands': [{'code': 'switch_led', 'value': False}]},t = 1629793642256
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,386] [tuya-openapi] Response: {
  "result": true,
  "success": true,
  "t": 1629793642470
}
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,386] [tuya-openapi] Request: method = GET,url = https://openapi.tuyacn.com/v1.0/iot-03/devices/vdevo********74966/status,params = None,body = None,t = 1629793642386
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,461] [tuya-openapi] Response: {
  "result": [
    {
      "code": "switch_led",
      "value": false
    },
    {
      "code": "work_mode",
      "value": "white"
    },
    {
      "code": "bright_value_v2",
      "value": 10
    },
    {
      "code": "scene_data_v2",
      "value": ""
    },
    {
      "code": "countdown_1",
      "value": 0
    }
  ],
  "success": true,
  "t": 1629793642546
}

Process finished with exit code 0

Login authentication

# Init OpenAPI and connect
openapi = TuyaOpenAPI(API_ENDPOINT, ACCESS_ID, ACCESS_KEY)
openapi.connect()

Query device details

response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}".format(DEVICE_ID))

Get the instruction set of device

response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/functions".format(DEVICE_ID))

Send commands

commands = {'commands': [{'code': 'switch_led', 'value': true}]}
openapi.post('/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/commands'.format(DEVICE_ID), commands)

Query device status

response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/status".format(DEVICE_ID))

Step 4: Listen for device status

The following sample code shows how to implement the forwarding feature of the message service. For example, devices get online or offline, and device status is reported.

Note: The Message Service is required to enable this feature. For more information, see Message Service.

Sample code of message subscription: Mq.py

import logging
from tuya_connector import TUYA_LOGGER, TuyaOpenPulsar, TuyaCloudPulsarTopic

ACCESS_ID = "xtu7m*****48ufod"
ACCESS_KEY = "479bcba6d*******d9c4e080f7"
MQ_ENDPOINT = "wss://mqe.tuyacn.com:8285/"



# Enable debug log
TUYA_LOGGER.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# Init Message Queue
open_pulsar = TuyaOpenPulsar(
    ACCESS_ID, ACCESS_KEY, MQ_ENDPOINT, TuyaCloudPulsarTopic.PROD
)
# Add Message Queue listener
open_pulsar.add_message_listener(lambda msg: print(f"---\nexample receive: {msg}"))

# Start Message Queue
open_pulsar.start()

input()
# Stop Message Queue
open_pulsar.stop()

Sample response

/Users/even/Documents/SDK/Python/ttuya-connector-python1/venv/bin/python /Users/even/Documents/SDK/Python/ttuya-connector-python/example/Mq.py
[2021-08-24 16:44:56,274] [tuya-openpulsar] start
[2021-08-24 16:44:56,274] [tuya-openpulsar] ws-client connect status is not ok.
                     trying to reconnect for the  1 time
[2021-08-24 16:44:56,274] [tuya-openpulsar] ---
ws-client connecting...
[2021-08-24 16:45:16,198] [tuya-openpulsar] received message origin payload: {"data":"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","protocol":4,"pv":"2.0","sign":"0e523e66fea32a3873b122152fc04c84","t":1629794716261}
[2021-08-24 16:45:16,198] [tuya-openpulsar] received message descripted: {"dataId":"9aa9d3c4-04b7-11ec-8396-02425b0322e7","devId":"vdevo********74966","productKey":"ppg6apfp","status":[{"1":"true","code":"switch_led","t":1629794716199,"value":true},{"2":"white","code":"work_mode","t":1629794716199,"value":"white"},{"3":"10","code":"bright_value_v2","t":1629794716199,"value":10},{"code":"countdown_1","t":1629794716199,"7":"0","value":0}]}
---
example receive: {"dataId":"9aa9d3c4-04b7-11ec-8396-02425b0322e7","devId":"vdevo********74966","productKey":"ppg6apfp","status":[{"1":"true","code":"switch_led","t":1629794716199,"value":true},{"2":"white","code":"work_mode","t":1629794716199,"value":"white"},{"3":"10","code":"bright_value_v2","t":1629794716199,"value":10},{"code":"countdown_1","t":1629794716199,"7":"0","value":0}]}