Tuya Developer PlatformCloud DevelopmentBest PracticeDevice Control PracticeStep 4: Develop ServicesDevelop with Python SDK

Develop with Python SDK

Last Updated on : 2023-07-13 02:11:13

This topic describes how to develop a program to control devices based on the open capabilities and SDK of the Tuya IoT Development Platform.

Prerequisites

Procedure

Step 1: Set up development environment

This step is based on the Tuya-connector-Python SDK. Tuya-connector helps you efficiently create cloud development projects regarding the OpenAPI or message subscription capabilities. You can put all the focus on business logic without taking care of server-side programming nor relational databases.

Get the SDK address at Tuya-connector-Python.
Go to Projects > Get from Version Control > URL, enter the SDK address, and then click Clone.
(Independent project development) Import Python dependency package.

Note: The GitHub hosting platform contains the SDK source code. The API request used in this topic is the source code in the SDK project. If you develop an independent project, the PIP tool can be used to import the Python dependency package.

Import code: pip3 install tuya-connector-python

Step 2: Edit profile

Configure environment variables in the py file.

Develop with Python SDK

ACCESS_ID and ACCESS_KEY: Enter the values of Access ID and Access Key in the Authorization Key section. For more information, see Query project information.
API_ENDPOINT: the data center address of API requests. See the tuya-connector-python/tuya_connector/tuya_enums.py file.

MQ_ENDPOINT: the request address of message subscription. See the tuya-connector-python/tuya_connector/tuya_enums.py file.

Location	API_ENDPOINT	MQ_ENDPOINT
China	https://openapi.tuyacn.com	wss://mqe.tuyacn.com:8285/
America	https://openapi.tuyaus.com	wss://mqe.tuyaus.com:8285/
Europe	https://openapi.tuyaeu.com	wss://mqe.tuyaeu.com:8285/
India	https://openapi.tuyain.com	wss://mqe.tuyain.com:8285/

Example:

ACCESS_ID = "xtu7m*****48ufod"
ACCESS_KEY = "479bcba6d*******d9c4e080f7"
API_ENDPOINT = "https://openapi.tuyacn.com"
MQ_ENDPOINT = "wss://mqe.tuyacn.com:8285/"

Step 3: Control devices

After the project parameters are edited, you can start your coding journey. Device control is a must-have feature.
The following code block is the sample code for cloud project authorization key authentication and query device details, get device instruction set, send instruction set, and query device status for your reference.

Develop with Python SDK

Sample code of querying devices and issuing instructions: device_control.py

import logging
from tuya_connector import TuyaOpenAPI, TUYA_LOGGER

ACCESS_ID = "xtu7m*****48ufod"
ACCESS_KEY = "479bcba6d*******d9c4e080f7"
API_ENDPOINT = "https://openapi.tuyacn.com"



# Enable debug log
TUYA_LOGGER.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# Init OpenAPI and connect
openapi = TuyaOpenAPI(API_ENDPOINT, ACCESS_ID, ACCESS_KEY)
openapi.connect()

# Set up device_id
DEVICE_ID ="vdevo********74966"

# Call APIs from Tuya
# Get the device information
response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}".format(DEVICE_ID))

# Get the instruction set of the device
response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/functions".format(DEVICE_ID))

# Send commands
commands = {'commands': [{'code': 'switch_led', 'value': False}]}
openapi.post('/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/commands'.format(DEVICE_ID), commands)

# Get the status of a single device
response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/status".format(DEVICE_ID))

Sample response

/Users/even/Documents/SDK/Python/ttuya-connector-python1/venv/bin/python /Users/even/Documents/SDK/Python/ttuya-connector-python/example/device_control.py
[2021-08-24 16:27:21,832] [tuya-openapi] Request: method = GET,url = https://openapi.tuyacn.com/v1.0/token,params = {'grant_type': 1},body = None,t = 1629793641832
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,007] [tuya-openapi] Response: {
  "result": {
    "access_token": "***",
    "expire_time": 6147,
    "refresh_token": "***",
    "uid": "***"
  },
  "success": true,
  "t": 1629793642090
}
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,007] [tuya-openapi] Request: method = GET,url = https://openapi.tuyacn.com/v1.0/iot-03/devices/vdevo********74966,params = None,body = None,t = 1629793642007
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,183] [tuya-openapi] Response: {
  "result": {
    "active_time": 1629792940,
    "asset_id": "14178********2832",
    "category": "dj",
    "category_name": "Light Source",
    "create_time": 1629792940,
    "gateway_id": "",
    "icon": "smart/icon/bay161786******240908156830dd.png",
    "id": "vdevo********74966",
    "ip": "***",
    "lat": "***",
    "local_key": "***",
    "lon": "***",
    "model": "",
    "name": "Dimmable White Light (C)_SIG-vdevo",
    "online": true,
    "product_id": "ppg6apfp",
    "product_name": "Dimmable White Light (C)_OEM",
    "sub": false,
    "time_zone": "+08:00",
    "update_time": 1629793223,
    "uuid": "vdevo********74966"
  },
  "success": true,
  "t": 1629793642263
}
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,183] [tuya-openapi] Request: method = GET,url = https://openapi.tuyacn.com/v1.0/iot-03/devices/vdevo********74966/functions,params = None,body = None,t = 1629793642183
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,256] [tuya-openapi] Response: {
  "result": {
    "category": "dj",
    "functions": [
      {
        "code": "switch_led",
        "desc": "switch led",
        "name": "switch led",
        "type": "Boolean",
        "values": "{}"
      },
      {
        "code": "work_mode",
        "desc": "work mode",
        "name": "work mode",
        "type": "Enum",
        "values": "{\"range\":[\"white\",\"colour\",\"scene\",\"music\"]}"
      },
      {
        "code": "bright_value_v2",
        "desc": "bright value v2",
        "name": "bright value v2",
        "type": "Integer",
        "values": "{\"min\":10,\"max\":1000,\"scale\":0,\"step\":1}"
      },
      {
        "code": "scene_data_v2",
        "desc": "scene data v2",
        "name": "scene data v2",
        "type": "Json",
        "values": "{\"scene_num\":{\"min\":1,\"scale\":0,\"max\":8,\"step\":1},\"scene_units\": {\"unit_change_mode\":{\"range\":[\"static\",\"jump\",\"gradient\"]},\"unit_switch_duration\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"max\":100,\"step\":1},\"unit_gradient_duration\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"max\":100,\"step\":1},\"bright\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"max\":1000,\"step\":1},\"temperature\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"max\":1000,\"step\":1},\"h\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"unit\":\"\",\"max\":360,\"step\":1},\"s\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"unit\":\"\",\"max\":1000,\"step\":1},\"v\":{\"min\":0,\"scale\":0,\"unit\":\"\",\"max\":1000,\"step\":1}}}"
      },
      {
        "code": "countdown_1",
        "desc": "countdown 1",
        "name": "countdown 1",
        "type": "Integer",
        "values": "{\"unit\":\"s\",\"min\":0,\"max\":86400,\"scale\":0,\"step\":1}"
      }
    ]
  },
  "success": true,
  "t": 1629793642338
}
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,256] [tuya-openapi] Request: method = POST,url = https://openapi.tuyacn.com/v1.0/iot-03/devices/vdevo********74966/commands,params = None,body = {'commands': [{'code': 'switch_led', 'value': False}]},t = 1629793642256
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,386] [tuya-openapi] Response: {
  "result": true,
  "success": true,
  "t": 1629793642470
}
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,386] [tuya-openapi] Request: method = GET,url = https://openapi.tuyacn.com/v1.0/iot-03/devices/vdevo********74966/status,params = None,body = None,t = 1629793642386
[2021-08-24 16:27:22,461] [tuya-openapi] Response: {
  "result": [
    {
      "code": "switch_led",
      "value": false
    },
    {
      "code": "work_mode",
      "value": "white"
    },
    {
      "code": "bright_value_v2",
      "value": 10
    },
    {
      "code": "scene_data_v2",
      "value": ""
    },
    {
      "code": "countdown_1",
      "value": 0
    }
  ],
  "success": true,
  "t": 1629793642546
}

Process finished with exit code 0

Login authentication

# Init OpenAPI and connect
openapi = TuyaOpenAPI(API_ENDPOINT, ACCESS_ID, ACCESS_KEY)
openapi.connect()

Query device details

response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}".format(DEVICE_ID))

Get the instruction set of device

response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/functions".format(DEVICE_ID))

Send commands

commands = {'commands': [{'code': 'switch_led', 'value': true}]}
openapi.post('/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/commands'.format(DEVICE_ID), commands)

Query device status

response = openapi.get("/v1.0/iot-03/devices/{}/status".format(DEVICE_ID))

Step 4: Listen for device status

The following sample code shows how to implement the forwarding feature of the message service. For example, devices get online or offline, and device status is reported.

The Message Service is required to enable this feature. For more information, see Message Service.

Develop with Python SDK

Sample code of message subscription: Mq.py

import logging
from tuya_connector import TUYA_LOGGER, TuyaOpenPulsar, TuyaCloudPulsarTopic

ACCESS_ID = "xtu7m*****48ufod"
ACCESS_KEY = "479bcba6d*******d9c4e080f7"
MQ_ENDPOINT = "wss://mqe.tuyacn.com:8285/"



# Enable debug log
TUYA_LOGGER.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# Init Message Queue
open_pulsar = TuyaOpenPulsar(
    ACCESS_ID, ACCESS_KEY, MQ_ENDPOINT, TuyaCloudPulsarTopic.PROD
)
# Add Message Queue listener
open_pulsar.add_message_listener(lambda msg: print(f"---\nexample receive: {msg}"))

# Start Message Queue
open_pulsar.start()

input()
# Stop Message Queue
open_pulsar.stop()

Sample response

/Users/even/Documents/SDK/Python/ttuya-connector-python1/venv/bin/python /Users/even/Documents/SDK/Python/ttuya-connector-python/example/Mq.py
[2021-08-24 16:44:56,274] [tuya-openpulsar] start
[2021-08-24 16:44:56,274] [tuya-openpulsar] ws-client connect status is not ok.
                     trying to reconnect for the  1 time
[2021-08-24 16:44:56,274] [tuya-openpulsar] ---
ws-client connecting...
[2021-08-24 16:45:16,198] [tuya-openpulsar] received message origin payload: {"data":"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","protocol":4,"pv":"2.0","sign":"0e523e66fea32a3873b122152fc04c84","t":1629794716261}
[2021-08-24 16:45:16,198] [tuya-openpulsar] received message descripted: {"dataId":"9aa9d3c4-04b7-11ec-8396-02425b0322e7","devId":"vdevo********74966","productKey":"ppg6apfp","status":[{"1":"true","code":"switch_led","t":1629794716199,"value":true},{"2":"white","code":"work_mode","t":1629794716199,"value":"white"},{"3":"10","code":"bright_value_v2","t":1629794716199,"value":10},{"code":"countdown_1","t":1629794716199,"7":"0","value":0}]}
---
example receive: {"dataId":"9aa9d3c4-04b7-11ec-8396-02425b0322e7","devId":"vdevo********74966","productKey":"ppg6apfp","status":[{"1":"true","code":"switch_led","t":1629794716199,"value":true},{"2":"white","code":"work_mode","t":1629794716199,"value":"white"},{"3":"10","code":"bright_value_v2","t":1629794716199,"value":10},{"code":"countdown_1","t":1629794716199,"7":"0","value":0}]}

Conclusion

In this topic, you have learned how to use the Python SDK based on the Tuya IoT Development Platform. You can call device APIs to control smart devices and listen for device status. Thanks to the standard ecosystem of devices, you can extend this control method to all devices of Tuya’s ecosystem, and accelerate your SaaS development based on smart devices without regard to device differences.

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